Energy gap of Gold-doped Titanium Dioxide Thin Films Deposited by Dip-coating on Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide Coated Glass
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
In this study, the titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films and the gold nanoparticles-doped titanium dioxide (Au/TiO2) thin films have been coated on the fluorine doped tin oxide glass (FTO) using dip-coating technique. The as-coated films were heated at 80°C and 500°C. The morphology and thickness of samples were characterised using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). The band gap energy of the films have been examined from the optical reflectance spectra. The FE-SEM surface morphology results showed that the dense and uniform film deposited on fluorine doped tin oxide glass. The thickness of the prepared films was measured by taking cross sectional view of the films by FE-SEM. The average thickness of the films was approximately 820 nm. The presence of gold nanoparticles in the film is confirmed by Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). It was found that the energy gap of the prepared thin films was dependent on the heated treatment temperature. The values of energy gap for the films heated at 500°C were lower than that at 80°C. Moreover, the energy gap of gold doped titanium dioxide films was higher than the pure titanium dioxide thin film. The broadening of the energy gap can be explained by MossBurstein effect.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
! L. Castaneda, J.C. Alonso, A. Ortiz, E. Andrade, J.M. Saniger. and J. G. Banuelos, Spray pyrolysis deposition and characterization of Titanium dioxide thin films. Material chemical physics 77 (2003) 938-944.
! B. O’Regan and M. Grätzel, A Low cost, high efficiency cell base on dry- sensitized colloidal TiO 2 thin films. Nature 353 (1991) 737-740.
! M. Afsharpour, F.T. Rad. and H. Malekien. New cellulosic titanium dioxide nanocomposite as a protective coating for preserving paper-art-works. Journal of Cultural Heritage 12 (2011) 380-383.
! S. Doo-Hoon, U. Soo-Hyuk and L. Sang-bae, Antimicrobial silver-containing titanium oxide nanocomposite coatings by a reactive magnetron sputtering. Thin solid films 59 (2011) 7079-7085.
! Y. Jiaguo, Z. Xiujian and Z. Qingnan, Effect of surface structure on photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 thin films prepared by sol-gel method. Thin Solid Films 379 (2000) 7-
! R.S. Sonawane, S.G. Heged. and M.K. Dongare, Preparation of titanium(IV)oxide thin film photocatalyst by sol–gel dip coating. Material chemical physics 77 (2003) 744-750.
! O. Carp, C.L. Huisman and A. Rellber, Photoinduced reactivity of titanium dioxide.
Progress in Solid State in Chemistry 32 (2004) 33-177.
! J. Wu and C. Chen, A visible-light response vanadium-doped titania nanocatalyst by solgel method. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 163 (2004) 509-
! Z. Gaoging, K. Hiromitsu and Y. Toshinobu, Sol-gel preparation and photoelectrochemical properties of TiO 2 films containing Au and Ag metal particles. Thin Solid Films 277 (1996) 147-154.
! Information on http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2043-6254/1/1/015008/meta.
! N. Bsiri, M.A. Zrir, A. Bradaoui and M. Moauicha, Morphological, structural and ellipsometric investigations of Cr doped TiO 2 thin films prepared by sol–gel and spin coating. Ceramics International 42 (2016) 10599-10607.
! W. Lui, Y. Chen and G. Kou, Characterization and mechanical/tribological properties of nano Au–TiO 2 composite thin films prepared by a sol–gel process. Wear 254 (2003) 994-1000.
! K. Mitsuhara, Y Kitsudo and H Matsumoto, Electronic Charge Transfer Between Au Nano-particles and TiO2 -terminated SrTiO 3 (0 0 1) Substrate. Surface Science 604 (2010) 548 – 554.
! M. Rahulan, S. Ganesan and P. Aruna, Synthesis and Optical Limiting Studies of Audoped TiO 2 Nanoparticles. Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 2 (2011) 025012 – 025017.
! K. Yu, Y.Tianw and T. Tatsuma. Size Effects of Gold Nanoparticles on Plasmoninduced Photocurrents of Gold-TiO 2 Nanocomposites. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 8 (2006) 5417 – 5420.
! Z. Lu, X. Jiang and B. Zhou, Study of effect annealing temperature on the structure, morphology and photocatalytic activity of Si doped TiO 2 thin films deposited by electron beam evaporation. Applied Surface Science 257 (2011) 10715-10720.
! X. Linhua , S. Linxing. and L. Xiangying, Effect of TiO 2 buffer layer on the structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films deposited by E-beam evaporation and sol–gel method. Applied Surface Science 255 (2008) 3230-3234.
! B. Zhou, X. Jiang and Z. Liu, Preparation and characterization of TiO 2 thin film by thermal oxidation of sputtered Ti film. Material Science in Semiconductor Processing 16 (2013) 513-519.
! L. Armelao, D. Barreca and G. Bottaro, Au/TiO 2 Nanosystems: A Combined RFSputtering/ Sol-Gel Approach. Chemistry Materials 16 (2004) 3331-3338.
! V.G. Bessergenev, R.J.F. Pereira and M.C. Mateus, Study of physical and photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide thin films prepared from complex precursors by chemical vapour deposition. Thin Solid Films 503 (2006) 29-39.
! E. Haimi, H. Lipsonen and J. Larismaa, Optical and structural properties of nanocrystalline anatase (TiO2 ) thin films prepared by non-aqueous sol-gel dip-coating. Thin Solid Films 519 (2011) 5882-5886.
! W. Wendong, S. Philippe, K. Philippe. and F. Joaquim, Photocatalytic degradation of phenol on MWNT and titania composite catalysts prepared by a modified sol–gel method. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 56 (5005) 305-312.
! C. Ping, Z. Maoping, J. Yanping, H. Qiang and G. Mingyuan, Preparation and characterization of silica-doped titania photocatalyst through sol–gel method. Materials Letters 57 (2003) 2989-2994.
! N. Martin, C. Rousselot, C. Savall. and F. Palmino. Characterizations of titanium oxide films prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. Thin Solid Films 287 (1996) 154-163.
! D. Buso, J. Pacifico, A. Martucci and P.Mulvaney, Gold-Nanoparticle-Doped TiO2 Semiconductor Thin Films: Optical Characterization. Advanced Functional Materials 17 (2007) 347–354.
! M. Hemissi and H. Amardjia-Adnani, Optical And Structural Properties Of Titanium Oxide Thin Films Prepared By Sol-Gel Method. Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures. 2 (2007) 299-305.
! F. Hanini, A. Bouabellou, Y. Bouachiba, F. Kermiche, A. Taabouche, M. Hemissi, and
D. Lakhdari, Structural, optical and electrical properties of TiO 2 thin films synthesized by sol–gel technique. IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) 3 (2013) 21-28.
! K. aadim, K. Abass and Q. Hadi, Effect of annealing temperature on the optical properties of TiO 2 thin films prepared by pulse laser deposite. International Letters of Chemistry. Physics and Astronomy 56 (2015) 56-63.
! N. Martin, C. Rousselot, D. Rondot, F. Palmino. And R. Mercier. Microstructure modification of amorphous titanium oxide thin films during annealing treatments. Thin Solid Films 300 (1997) 113-121.
! A. Taherniya and D. Raoufi, The annealing temperature dependence of anatase TiO 2 thin films prepared by the electron-beam evaporation method. IOP Science. Semiconductor Science and Technology 31 (2016).
! A. GÜLTEKİN. Effect of Au Nanoparticles Doping on the Properties of TiO 2 Thin Films. Materials Science (MEDŽIAGOTYRA) 20 (2014) 10-14.
! E. Burstein, Anomalous optical absorption limit in InSb. Physical Review 93 (1954) 632-633.